Brutalist architecture is a bold and controversial architectural style that emerged in the mid-twentieth century. It is best known for its use of raw concrete, large geometric shapes, and simple, functional designs. The name comes from the French term béton brut, meaning “raw concrete,” which reflects the style’s emphasis on exposed materials and structural honesty. The style became popular after World War II, when cities needed strong, affordable buildings quickly. As a result, Brutalism was co

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Can a Cessna 172 perform a fully developed spin? The answer is both yes and no—depending on the aircraft’s certification basis and configuration. The standard Cessna 172 is certified under FAR Part 23 - Normal Category, which does not require spin certification beyond demonstrating recovery from a one-turn spin or incipient spin. This means it is not certified for intentional spins in normal operations. However, Cessna has produced specific models and configurations of the 172 that are spin-appr